Walker Bleakney and the development of the shock tube at Princeton

Recollections of activities in the Physics Department of Princeton University leading to the construction and use of the SHOCK TUBE are recorded. Walker Bleakney was the leader of these activities from 1940 to 1979, and his methods and attitude are described. Original interferograms made at Princeton show some results obtained.     

用来激励高频超声换能器的电激励源

讨论了超声换能器的几种激励方法，分析了三种常用激励方法在激励高频超声换能器时的特点及其同局限性，我们雪崩ＭＡＲＸ电路制作的单极窄脉冲能地激励率高达１００ＭＨｚ的换能器并取得了较好的结果。     

注入离子漂移管技术测量原子团簇结构

团簇结构测量是团簇科学研究中的一个重要课题。文章对近几年发展的注入离子漂移管技术进行了详细介绍与分析，该技术是上前测量团簇结构近似程度最高的技术，已在Ｃ，Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ及Ａｌ等原子团簇的结构研究中获得广泛应用，并取得了许多重要结果。     

Optimal electric fields for different sample shapes in high resolution NMR spectroscopy

For many applications, reducing sample resistance, rather than increasing probe Q or filling factor, is the only way to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of cryogenically cooled NMR probes. In this paper, bounds are calculated for the minimum sample resistance that can be achieved for various sample geometries. The sample resistance of 100 mM NaCl in H(2)O in 5 mm sample tubes was measured on a 600 MHz cold probe to be within 14% of the optimum value. The minimum sample resistance can however be lowered by altering the tube cross section. Rectangular tubes oriented with the long axis along the RF magnetic field are particularly favourable.     

Variable temperature system using vortex tube cooling and fiber optic temperature measurement for low temperature magic angle spinning NMR

We describe the construction and operation of a variable temperature (VT) system for a high field fast magic angle spinning (MAS) probe. The probe is used in NMR investigations of biological macromolecules, where stable setting and continuous measurement of the temperature over periods of several days are required in order to prevent sample overheating and degradation. The VT system described is used at and below room temperature. A vortex tube is used to provide cooling in the temperature range of -20 to 20 degrees C, while a liquid nitrogen-cooled heat exchanger is used below -20 degrees C. Using this arrangement, the lowest temperature that is practically achievable is -140 degrees C. Measurement of the air temperature near the spinning rotor is accomplished using a fiber optic thermometer that utilizes the temperature dependence of the absorption edge of GaAs. The absorption edge of GaAs also has a magnetic field dependence that we have measured and corrected for. This dependence was calibrated at several field strengths using the well-known temperature dependence of the (1)H chemical shift difference of the protons in methanol.     

方形管管阵流固耦合方程中独立参数D的数值解

求解和阵流固耦合方程,必须先求出独立参数Ｄ。本文介绍了一种求解方形截面情况下参数Ｄ的差分方法,首先根据边界条件,得到了求解局部问题的差分模型,在此基础上求出局部函数χ（ｙ１,ｙ２）在流体域内各离散网格点上的值,绘出了局部压力场的等值线图,并由此计算参数Ｄ的值,然后发迹λ值,重复相同的运算,最后绘出Ｄ随λ变化曲线,并和一种渐近解作了比较。结果表明,该数值解法简明、准确。     

光谱法测定室内空气中甲醛浓度

为了对甲醛的浓度进行快速而有效的检测，设计了一套光栅式光谱检测系统。该系统主要包括光学系统、光电信号采集系统和计算机处理系统。系统硬件电路包括前置放大滤波电路、A/D转换电路及单片机的数据采集和发送电路。对酚试剂分光光度法测定空气中甲醛浓度的实验条件进行了研究，分析了影响实验结果的因素，得出了光谱检测实验的实验结果，并对相关结论进行了分析和论证。通过所设计的系统，可直接测出甲醛分析液的透射光光谱，从而得出相应的甲醛浓度。     

条纹管激光成像系统空间分辨力实验研究

简要分析了非扫描激光成像的技术优势,介绍了利用条纹管实现非扫描激光成像的工作原理,说明了图像空间分辨力与系统距离精度的对应关系。对影响图像空间分辨力的主要因素进行了理论分析,得到了系统总空间分辨力与各单元器件空间分辨力和放大倍率的对应关系,在此基础上,对现有条纹管成像系统进行了相应的计算,得到了空间分辨力的理论预期值;最后,提出了一种基于分辨力板成像的系统空间分辨力测试方法,设计了相应的验证实验,对实测图像进行了去噪处理和数据分析,得到了图像的衬比度传递函数(CTF)曲线,通过衬比度传递函数分析,计算出了成像系统的实际空间分辨力,并将实测的分辨力数据与理论值进行了对比分析。     

大锥角光纤探针的制备

用熔拉法、腐蚀法、管腐蚀法、熔拉-腐蚀法、激光消融法等制备了光纤探针,对其外形进行了分析比较.熔拉法制作的探针,锥形过渡区细长,并且获得的探针锥角不大(8°～35°).腐蚀法与管腐蚀法可以使探针的锥形过渡区短,损耗小,锥角大(15°～65°),但在制备更大的锥角光纤探针时,表面开始变得粗糙.拉伸-腐蚀的方法制作光纤探针存在一个变锥度区.激光消融腐蚀法容易获得大锥角的探针,并且表面光滑.     

高效率行波管电子枪设计及其优化

 利用综合迭代法初步确定了用于高效率行波管的电子枪几何尺寸参数，考虑电子枪设计对导流系数、注腰半径、层流性等参数提出的要求，通过建立评价电子注性能优劣的目标函数以量化设计结果;应用EGUN软件和步长加速直接求优的方法对目标函数进行了优化，优化结果满足了设计要求。该电子枪已经用于制管实验，电子注静态通过率99.7%,动态通过率98.0%,电子效率达到34%，实验结果进一步验证了该电子枪设计的合理性。